A robust penalty regression function-based deep convolutional neural network for accurate cardiac arrhythmia classification using electrocardiogram signals

Cardiac arrhythmias are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating accurate, and timely diagnosis. This paper presents a novel approach for the classification of cardiac arrhythmias using a penalty regression function (PRF)-based deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). The proposed model integrates advanced preprocessing techniques, including frechet with fitness rank distribution-based anas platyrhynchos optimization (FFRD-APO) for feature selection and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) for signal decomposition. Utilizing the St. Petersburg INCART 12-lead arrhythmia database, the PRF-DCNN model achieved superior performance metrics: an area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) of 0.97, accuracy of 0.95, precision of 0.93, recall of 0.92, specificity of 0.97, and an F1 score of 0.93. The PRF effectively mitigated overfitting, ensuring robust and reliable classification across varied patient demographics. The model demonstrated significant improvements over traditional methods, offering an efficient solution for real-time cardiac monitoring and diagnosis. This study underscores the potential of PRF-DCNN in enhancing automated arrhythmia detection and lays the groundwork for future research to optimize and validate this approach in diverse clinical settings.