Modulação da Microbiota Intestinal por Intervenções Dietéticas: Impacto no Controle da Obesidade

This literature review investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and obesity, with an emphasis on the effects of different dietary interventions on microbiota modulation. The search was conducted in the PubMed database, considering articles published between 2019 and 2024, freely available and in full text. Using DECs/MESH descriptors and combinations of terms in English, such as "gut microbiota," "obesity," and "dietary interventions," 180 articles were initially found. After applying filters to restrict the terms to title and abstract, this number was reduced to 46 articles. With the application of free access and publication date filters, 22 articles were selected. From the full reading and independent analysis by three authors, 13 articles were selected to form the final basis of the review. The results indicated that diets rich in fiber, prebiotics, and polyphenols promote a positive microbial balance, while low-carbohydrate diets may compromise microbial diversity in the long term. Modulation of the microbiota emerges as a promising strategy for weight control and metabolic health, but further research is needed on the personalization of nutritional interventions based on the genetic and microbial profile of individuals.