Collaborative logistics systems for sustainability: exploring opportunities and limitations in reducing environmental footprints in supply chains

In this article, we explore the implementation and effectiveness of collaborative logistics systems (CLS) as an innovative approach to reducing environmental footprints in global supply chains. While traditional logistics often generate redundancies and inefficiencies, CLS stand out by promoting the integration of resources and the reduction of waste, enhancing positive environmental impact through coordination between multiple market players. Based on a detailed literature review and analysis of global case studies, we propose a theoretical model that identifies the main opportunities - such as improved transport efficiency and inventory optimization - and limitations, including the organizational, logistical and technological challenges that compromise the full adoption of this approach. Among the opportunities, we highlight the role of SLCs in mitigating emissions and strengthening sustainable practices that directly impact the chain's eco- efficiency. On the other hand, we analyzed the limitations inherent in the complexity of inter-organizational collaboration and technological barriers, which can limit complete integration and the sharing of essential data between companies. We contribute to the literature by identifying the key elements for the successful implementation of SLC in different contexts and sectors, addressing gaps related to the scarcity of theoretical frameworks that integrate collaborative logistics and sustainability. The article therefore not only broadens the understanding of the applicability of SLCs, but also establishes a basis for future research focused on viable and innovative solutions to promote an environmentally sustainable supply chain.