The application of Total Quality Management (TQM) model in University governance and development

Research shows that there are three levels of university quality management: quality control, quality assurance, and Total Quality Management (TQM). Currently, all three levels of quality management coexist in university management across different countries, as each of these methods aims to ensure that higher education products meet certain standards. There are various university quality management models, such as the university quality assurance model, the European EFQM Quality Award model, the ISO 9001 model, the organizational factors model, the C.I.P.O. model, and the TQM model. At present, higher education institutions are gradually improving their quality management systems. Total Quality Management is a comprehensive approach to quality improvement, emphasizing continuous enhancement across all aspects of an organization. In the context of universities in the region, which often face specific challenges and limitations, the implementation of TQM principles can offer significant benefits in terms of efficiency, performance, and stakeholder satisfaction. The research highlights the potential challenges and opportunities related to TQM deployment in regional university settings, including issues such as resource limitations, organizational culture, and stakeholder expectations.