A Multi-Package Trust Model for Improving the Trustworthiness of Traceability Data in Blockchain-Based Beef Supply Chain

Globally, beef consumption remains high, with millions of people incorporating beef into their diets. Therefore, ensuring the safety of beef products is vital. However, existing traceability systems often depend on data that cannot be fully trusted, posing risks to consumer health and supply chain integrity. This study addresses the data trust issue by proposing a multi-package trust model to enhance data trustworthiness within a blockchain-based supply chain. The model evaluates data collected from supply chain sources through IoT devices and records the data and corresponding trust scores on the blockchain ledger. The blockchain-based multi-package trust model was evaluated for its effectiveness in enhancing security, its impact on the blockchain performance, and its ability to generate accurate trust scores. The results indicate that, despite some performance overhead, the trust model significantly enhances data reliability, which could help to reduce health risks and prevent counterfeit products. This research underscores the importance of balancing performance with improved trustworthiness in blockchain-based supply chain systems.