Self-sustainable Triple-input Triple-output Power Management Unit for Battery-less IoT Application with Low-power Time-monitoring MPPT

A triple-input triple-output power management unit for energy harvesting in battery-less IoT applications is proposed and implemented using the TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process. This chip is completely self-sustainable, and can automatically switch between sleep mode and active mode to accommodate different loads. In sleep mode, the system employs a novel low-power time-monitoring maximum power point tracking to optimize power extraction from energy sources. In active mode, the converter utilizes a combination of pulse-skip modulation and pulse-frequency modulation to reduce power loss and achieve a wider load range. All sub-blocks are power-gated to achieve low quiescent current. The load range is 3µA to 17mA with 1.26µA quiescent current, and the maximum efficiency is 95.9%.