Cardiovascular complications associated with Dengue Virus infection

The present study addressed the cardiovascular complications arising from dengue virus (DENV) infection. Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti. This disease can range from mild to severe, being classified into four categories: A (without warning signs), B (with warning signs), C (severe), and D (complicated). DENV infection can provoke an intense inflammatory response, increased vascular permeability, and direct damage to cardiomyocytes. This can lead to various cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiomyopathies. The critical phase of dengue is marked by cardiovascular symptoms such as hypotension, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and signs of heart failure. Studies in animal models have shown that DENV infection results in systemic inflammation, increased vascular permeability, reduced blood pressure, and alterations in cardiac function. The association between preexisting cardiovascular diseases and severe dengue infection is complex, increasing the risk of severe complications. Dengue treatment is mainly symptomatic, involving hydration and the use of analgesics, with intensive support measures in severe cases. Early identification and adequate treatment of cardiovascular complications are essential to improve clinical outcomes. Therefore, it can be concluded that dengue represents a significant challenge to public health, especially in endemic regions. Understanding the cardiovascular complications associated with DENV infection is crucial for the effective management of patients and for reducing mortality. Continuous research and epidemiological surveillance are essential to improve dengue prevention and treatment strategies, ensuring a better quality of life for affected patients.