Comparison and analysis of alveolar bone structure characteristics in skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusion in the mandibular incisor region

The aim of this study was to explore the differences in alveolar bone structure characteristics in skeletal class II and class III malocclusion in the mandibular incisor region. From January 2021 to November 2023, 100 cases of skeletal malocclusion patients were selected from our hospital, including 56 cases of skeletal Class II malocclusion and 44 cases of skeletal Class III malocclusion. The alveolar bone structure characteristics in the mandibular incisor region of skeletal class II and class III malocclusion patients are compared. The labial alveolar bone attachment height and lingual alveolar bone attachment height were compared between patients with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusion (P < .05). The labial alveolar bone thickness at the root apex in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion was (3.96 ± 0.63) mm, which was higher than that in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). In patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion, the cementoenamel junction was 2, 4, 6 mm below, and at the root apex, the alveolar bone thickness was (0.19 ± 0.05) mm, (0.93 ± 0.10) mm, (2.10 ± 0.10) mm, and (12.26 ± 2.10) mm, respectively, which was higher than that in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). In patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion, the labial side alveolar bone area at the root apex was (3.89 ± 0.72) mm2, which was higher than in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). On the lingual side, the alveolar bone thickness below cementoenamel junction at 6 mm and at the root apex was (1.95 ± 0.45) mm2 and (1.92 ± 0.51) mm2, respectively, which were higher than in Class III malocclusion patients (P < .05). Compared to skeletal Class II malocclusion, in skeletal Class III malocclusion, the alveolar bone thickness in the mandibular incisor area is thinner and narrower. This should be given special attention during orthodontic treatment.