Evaluation of the Effect of Topically Applied Resveratrol Gel as Adjunctive Treatment for Periodontitis

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the impact of topically applied resveratrol (RES) gel as adjunctive to conventional periodontal therapy on both clinical periodontal parameters as well as to assess interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with stage I and II grade A periodontitis. This study was performed on 40 cases aged from 26 to 47 years with means of (37.02 ± 6.88) of both sexes (16 females and 24 males) with stage І and П grade A periodontitis. They were divided into two groups: group Ι consisted of 20 cases with stage I and II grade A periodontitis who were treated only with conventional periodontal care (scaling and root planning [SRP]), and group Π consisted of 20 cases with stage I and II grade A periodontitis who were subjected to conventional periodontal therapy (SRP) in conjunction with intrapocket RES gel application. At baseline, 3 months, and 6 months following therapy, all patients had clinical evaluation using gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Also, an enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay-based biochemical analysis of IL-1β was conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Clinical findings were different significantly as correlated within the same group; however, there was no significant difference between both groups. Biochemical evaluation of IL1β revealed no significant variation at baseline and 3 months between both groups, while there was a significant difference during treatment at 6 months. Our findings indicate that RES as supplementary in addition to conventional periodontal therapy may improve periodontitis through anti-inflammatory effects.