International legislative outlets and protection protocols to curb violent and hate speech in digital spaces: balancing technical factors and political influence

This paper addresses the significant issue of hate and violent speech, a phenomenon that has permeated various aspects of social life, including education, politics, religion, and the media. The media, with its broad reach and influence, has become one of the most powerful tools for spreading hate speech. This paper examines international legal and procedural efforts, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Commission’s conventions against hate speech and racism, aimed at reducing hate-driven divisions, sectarian rhetoric, and the risks posed to national and international communities, especially to migrant populations in host countries.