Impacts on soil quality with the use of organic fertilizers

The use and management of soil has an impact on its quality and agricultural productivity. Organic fertilization has become an alternative to mineral fertilization due to its ability to supply plants with nutrients. However, excessive use of fertilizers can result in changes to the soil, compromising its functions and plant development. In contrast, an understanding of the role of organic matter in stabilizing aggregates and the influence of organic fertilization on salinization and clay dispersion is important for conserving or improving soil quality. The aim of this review was to explore information on the factors that influence the formation of aggregates in the soil and the relationship with organic matter, highlighting the impact of organic fertilization on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. It can be inferred that soil management, such as the use of no-till systems, has a positive influence on the soil. Excessive use of organic fertilizers, such as chicken litter (CF) and pig manure biofertilizers (BDS), can lead to clay dispersion and soil structural degradation due to the presence of dispersing elements. Excess salts in the soil compromise the physical quality of the soil, leading to clay dispersion and erosion, hindering water infiltration and nutrient absorption by plants. The careful application of organic fertilizers and the adoption of sustainable practices are therefore essential to minimize the negative effects of salinization and promote the conservation of soil structure, ensuring its productivity and long-term sustainability.