An Analysis of the Context Types in Probability and Statistics Tasks Presented in Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks of South Korea and Finland

This study aims to analyze the context types of probability and statistics tasks in elementary school mathematics textbooks from South Korea and Finland based on the degree of realism in the numbers presented and the framework proposed by Wijaya et al.(2015).The study found that the D and E textbooks frequently included specific numbers (S type) that could be used in real-life situations, making them useful for helping students solve mathematical problems in real-life contexts.In contrast, the B textbook used abstract numbers (A type) more often, leading to a lower connection to real-life applications, and it also lacked problems addressing a volume of numerical magnitude (SV and AV types).In the context type analysis, the E textbook included the most real-life context problems, and the D textbook also dealt with many real-life context problems.However, the B textbook had many artificial and relatively fewer real-life context problems, resulting in a weaker connection to real-life situations.Based on these findings, this study recommends expanding context-based tasks, designing textbooks incorporating a balanced variety of numbers and context types, and enhancing teacher training to support the teaching of context-based tasks better.