Sectoral Analysis of Electricity Consumption on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions: A Case Study of Pakistan

The problem of environmental pollution is a burning issue in the current era. Many studies have been conducted on the relationship between environmental pollution and energy consumption, but there is rare literature on disaggregating sectors of energy consumption, especially focusing on electricity consumption that causes environmental pollution in the context of Pakistan. The study conducts quantitative research on the topic spanning from 1972-2022. Unit root was conducted, and as mixed integrating orders were found, I(0) and I(I) Autoregressive Distributive lag models were found appropriate for methodology. Furthermore, Causality was also conducted by applying Toda Yamamoto. Methane and Nitrous oxide emissions were found to have a long-run relationship. The most prominent sector in found contributing to pollution is the household sector, followed by industrial, commercial, and agriculture.