Green synthesized Fe‐doped ZnO NPs using aloe vera gel: Antimicrobial, structural, optical and magnetic properties

Abstract Pristine (pure) ZnO and Zn 1− x Fe x O (with Fe = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by green synthesis using aloe vera gel. The x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet‐visible, photoluminescence (PL), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were employed to investigate the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Zn 1− x Fe x O NPs. Rietveld refined XRD data revealed that Zn 1− x Fe x O NPs have hexagonal wurtzite structures with space group P63mc. Fe‐doping resulted in a decrease in the average grain size. The value of the E g decreased from 2.49 to 2.17 eV with an increase in Fe 3+ content. A blue shift in band edge emission shift toward lower wavelength ( x = 0.00 to 0.05) and red‐shift for ( x > 0.05) PL spectra. A ferromagnetic behavior with enhancement in saturation magnetization was observed with Fe 3+ doping. By breaking down the bacterial cell wall and altering the genetic makeup of the cells, Zn 1− x Fe x O NPs effectively eradicate Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus in antimicrobial assessment.