Determination of Conventional Hydric Balance, Bioimpedance Analysis, and Portable Ultrasound, and Their Agreement Level with Postoperative Complications in Oncological Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery at the General Hospital Zone 3 in Aguascalie

Background: Cancer is a significant public health issue, leading to substantial losses in human life and economic resources. The immediate adverse effects of surgery and cancer treatment—such as pain, fatigue, fluid retention, and weakness—can be alleviated with appropriate interventions. Increasing evidence suggests that a patient’s physiological reserve capacity plays a crucial role in reducing perioperative complications. Among oncology patients, the overall rate of postoperative complications is high. In cases where extensive fluid therapy is administered, 41.3% of patients experience severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III). Objective: To identify postoperative complications in oncology patients undergoing abdominal surgery and to correlate these complications with the level of edema assessed by conventional fluid balance, bioimpedance analysis, and portable ultrasound at General Hospital Zone 3 in Aguascalientes. Materials and Methods: A prospective, comparative, analytical clinical trial was conducted in the General Surgery Department of the General Hospital of Zone 3, part of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Aguascalientes. Results: Based on sample size calculations, 28 patients were included. When analyzing the concordance between conventional fluid balance and portable ultrasound at 24, 48, and 72 hours, insignificant correlation was observed among the three methods. Similarly, the bioimpedance analyzer and portable ultrasound also showed insignificant agreement at these same intervals. Conclusions: This study employed three diagnostic methods—conventional fluid balance, bioimpedance analysis, and portable ultrasound. Our findings indicate no significant concordance among the three methods in determining postoperative complications in oncology patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between positive fluid balance and the development of perioperative complications.