Haemoglobinopathies Study among Tharu Ethnic Group of Raptisonari Rural Municipality, Banke District, Nepal

Background: Hemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease, are the most common recessive genetic disorders globally, with significant health impacts. In Nepal, particularly among the Tharu community, high prevalence of haemoglobinopathies, especially in adolescents, highlights the urgent need for better diagnosis and testing. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies among adolescents in the Tharu ethnic community in Nepal. Methods: This cross-sectional study focused on ward four of Raptisonari Rural Municipality in Banke, Nepal, assessing hemoglobinopathies among 10–19-year-old Tharu adolescents. A sample of 493 eligible individuals were selected, with blood samples collected and tested using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) for hemoglobin variants. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Among 493 adolescents studied, 83.8% were normal. Alpha thalassemia was found in 0.2%, beta thalassemia in 5.5%, and both E trait and sickle cell disease in 0.6%. Sickle cell trait had a prevalence of 9.3%, indicating a significant presence of carriers in the Tharu adolescent community. Conclusion: Study reveals a high prevalence of normal hemoglobin levels among adolescents in the Tharu community, with low occurrences of alpha thalassemia and moderate rates of beta thalassemia and sickle cell traits. The notable prevalence of sickle cell trait suggests a significant carrier status that may have implications for future generations.