Advancing cellular transfer printing: achieving bioadhesion-free deposition <i>via</i> vibration microstreaming

Cell transfer printing plays an essential role in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Traditional bioadhesion-based methods often necessitate complex surface modifications and offer limited control over the quantity of transferred cells. There is a critical need for a modification-free, non-labeling, and high-throughput cell transfer printing technique. In this study, an adhesion-free cellular transfer printing method based on vibration-induced microstreaming is introduced. By adjusting the volume of the microcavity, the number of cells transferred per microtiter well can be realized to the level of a single cell. Additionally, it allows for precise control of large-scale cellular spatial distribution, leading to the formation of biomimetic patterns. Moreover, the demonstrated biocompatibility and high throughput of this cell transfer printing method highlight its potential utility. The correspondence of the transferred cell amount to the vibration and frequencies allows the system to exhibit excellent tunability of the transferred cell amount and pattern. This bioadhesion-free cell transfer printing method holds promise for advancing cell manipulation in biomedical research and analysis.