A Quantitative Analysis of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Population of East Singhbhum District: A Comparative Study

Background: Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme and a potential marker for the early detection of oral malignancies. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore its role as a serum biomarker. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of serum ALP in identifying Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from patients visiting the outpatient department of Awadh Dental College & Hospital after obtaining informed consent. Serum ALP levels were measured and statistical analysis was performed. A literature search was conducted using databases PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and Wiley Online. Keywords used included “serum ALP,” “oral potentially malignant disorders,” “oral squamous cell carcinoma,” and “serum biomarkers.” A review of literature of relevant studies concerning the regulation and role of ALP in individuals with these disorders and conditions is also presented. Results: The mean Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels in the three study groups were 72.7 mg/dl for the control group, 119.7 mg/dl for the OPMD group, and 175.6 mg/dl for the OSCC group, with corresponding Standard Deviations (SD) of 16.4, 34.1, and 53.8, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that serum ALP holds promise as a reliable serum biomarker for detecting oral cancer. Several studies over the past decade have also supported this finding.