Effects of Temperature and Frequency on Fretting Wear Behavior of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Before and After Plasma Carburization

Double-glow low-temperature plasma carburization (LTPC) was utilized to prepare a carburized layer (PC) on a 316L austenitic stainless steel (ASS) surface, and the fretting wear behavior was evaluated at various temperatures and frequencies. The friction coefficient curves could be divided into running-in, wear, and stable stages. With increasing temperature, the wear mechanism of 316L ASS changed from adhesive and abrasive wear to adhesive wear, accompanied by plastic deformation, fatigue peeling, and oxidative wear. The carburized layer had an adhesive wear, plastic deformation, fatigue peeling, and oxidative wear mechanism. As the frequency increased, 316L ASS showed an adhesive wear, fatigue peeling, and oxidative wear mechanism. With increasing frequency, the wear mechanism of PC changed from abrasive and adhesive wear to abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and fatigue peeling, accompanied by oxidative wear. The carburized layer generally showed lower frictional energy dissipation coefficients and wear rates than 316L ASS. This work demonstrated that plasma carburization could improve the fretting wear stability and resistance of 316L ASS. The rise in frictional temperature, the tribo-chemical reaction time, and the evolution of debris collectively influenced the wear mechanisms and wear morphologies of 316L ASS before and after plasma carburization. This could provide theoretical support for the fretting damage behaviors of ball valves under severe service conditions.