The Impact of Mechanical Failure of 18650 Batteries on the Safety of Electric Transport Operations

The safety of 18650 lithium-ion batteries is critical for the reliability and durability of electric vehicles, especially as interest in sustainable transportation grows. Battery failures, such as fires or explosions, pose significant risks to both users and manufacturers, highlighting the need for advanced power systems. This study used finite element method (FEM) simulations and crash tests to evaluate battery safety in accident scenarios. The results showed that mechanical damage, especially from collisions, can cause internal short circuits, increasing the risk of thermal runaway, especially when combined with high temperatures during normal operation or charging. This can be caused by mechanical damage to the battery causing a change in the distance inside the battery, causing it to short circuit. The results highlight the importance of designing battery systems that prevent internal short circuits, especially under extreme conditions, and the need for continuous monitoring of battery parameters to detect early signs of failure. In the context of improving battery safety, the battery not only saves lives, but also extends vehicle life, reduces electronic waste, and increases energy efficiency, which is consistent with global efforts to minimize the environmental impact of technology and promote safer transportation.