Neural network potential-based molecular investigation of thermal decomposition mechanisms of ethylene and ammonia

• NNP-based molecular investigation of ethylene and ethylene-ammonia thermal decomposition was conducted. • The NNP reproduced key results consistent with prior experiments and chemical kinetics modelling. • Novel atomic-scale insights into soot suppression by ammonia addition were revealed. • Six-membered carbon rings are easier to open in the blended system under high temperature. • Six-membered carbon rings transform into seven-membered rings at low temperature and three- or five-membered rings at high temperature. This study developed neural network potentials (NNPs) specifically tailored for pure ethylene and ethylene-ammonia blended systems for the first time. The NNPs were trained on a dataset generated from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, combining the computational accuracy of DFT with a calculation speed comparable to reactive force field methods. The NNPs are employed in reactive molecular dynamics simulations to explore the thermal decomposition reaction mechanisms of ethylene and ammonia. The simulation results revealed that adding ammonia reduces the activation energy for ethylene decomposition, thereby accelerating ethylene consumption. Furthermore, the addition of ammonia uncovers a new reaction pathway for hydrogen radical consumption, which reduces the occurrence of H-abstraction reactions from ethylene by hydrogen radicals. The inhibition effect of ammonia addition on soot formation mainly acts in two aspects: on the one hand, ammonia decomposition products react with carbon-containing species, ultimately producing C 1 N products, thereby decreasing the carbon numbers involved in soot formation. This significantly reduces the concentrations of C 5 C 9 molecules and key polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) precursors like C 2 H 2 and C 3 H 3 . On the other hand, ammonia promotes the ring-opening reactions of six-membered carbon rings at high-temperature conditions, thereby reducing the formation of PAHs precursors. The results show that with the addition of ammonia, six-membered carbon rings tend to convert into seven-membered carbon rings at lower temperatures, while at higher temperatures, they are more likely to transform into three- and five-membered carbon rings. These variations in the transformation of six-membered carbon rings may also affect soot formation. The insights gained from understanding these fundamental chemical reaction mechanisms can guide the development of ethylene-ammonia co-firing systems.