Degree-based function index of trees and unicyclic graphs

Abstract We use functions of two variables satisfying certain conditions to obtain graphs having the smallest value of the degree-based function index among trees and unicyclic graphs with given number of vertices. We show that those extremal results on trees and unicyclic graphs hold for many general degree-based indices such as the general reduced second Zagreb index $$GRM_{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , general Randić index $$R_{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , first general Gourava index $$FGO_{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , general Z -type index $$Z_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$b \ge - 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , general Sombor index $$SO_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and one other generalization $$M_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$b &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In the study of the maximum value for degree-based indices of trees with given number of vertices, we cover general indices such as $$SO_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$a &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$b \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$Z_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math>

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Journal
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing
Published
2024-11-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12190-024-02307-w
Citations
3
Primary Topic
Graph theory and applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3.04

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article

Degree-based function index of trees and unicyclic graphs

Tomáš Vetrík
3 citations
Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing
Graph theory and applications
3.04
article

Degree-based function index of trees and unicyclic graphs

Tomáš Vetrík
article en
3 citations

Abstract

Abstract We use functions of two variables satisfying certain conditions to obtain graphs having the smallest value of the degree-based function index among trees and unicyclic graphs with given number of vertices. We show that those extremal results on trees and unicyclic graphs hold for many general degree-based indices such as the general reduced second Zagreb index $$GRM_{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , general Randić index $$R_{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , first general Gourava index $$FGO_{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , general Z -type index $$Z_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$b \ge - 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , general Sombor index $$SO_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and one other generalization $$M_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$b &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In the study of the maximum value for degree-based indices of trees with given number of vertices, we cover general indices such as $$SO_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$a &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$b \ge 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$Z_{a,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for $$a &gt; 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math>

Journal of Applied Mathematics and ComputingVol. 71(2)
University of the Free State (ZA)
National Research Foundation, Universiteit van die Vrystaat, South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Graph theory and applications
3.04
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