The public library building as nexus for social interactions: Cases from Helsinki

Public libraries are public spaces that simultaneously respond to and reshape their contexts, by bundling different programme, and numerous functions that synergistically support social interactions among diverse users. They offer domestic, work and leisure environments, hubs and platforms for civic dialogue, encounter, tolerance of differences and exposure to cultures. Less is known about the interaction between library buildings and their surroundings, or the influence of their design and governance on social practices. Through a relational perspective, this article explores how library buildings interact with their surroundings, what the implications of their spatial qualities, and governance are for deterring or promoting various user activities. Two case studies in Helsinki, Oodi and Maunula libraries are used in this investigation. Findings reveal linkages between outdoor spaces and the libraries, with Oodi merging with surrounding outdoor activities and Maunula's management transforming the perception of a stigmatised space. The flexibility in space governance supports social interaction and informs about future considerations regarding social outreach. The buildings' design with transparent, open spaces and flexible layouts provides alternative uses and allow adaptations to cater for diverse leisure, work, education activities and support social relations. • Public libraries have transformed their role and contribute to social interaction and civic engagement. • Public libraries' spatial qualities, and governance support diverse users. • Oodi and Maunula libraries in Helsinki show their roles within their surroundings. • The provision of flexible spaces provides opportunities for activities that reach out to diverse users. • Libraries are public spaces that interact with their surroundings and support establishing social relations.