Development of Vincristine‐Loaded Nano Graphene Oxides for Dual Therapies Against Canine Anaplastic Carcinoma Cells Obtained From a Dog with Spontaneous Mammary Tumor

Abstract Among pet species, mammary tumors are most commonly encountered in dogs. In the traditional treatment of mammary tumors in dogs; surgical operation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, cryotherapy, radiotherapy and homeopathy are used. Herein, we reported vincristine loaded nano graphene oxide (Vin@nGO) for simultaneous photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy under near infrared laser (NIR, 808 nm), whereas GO was used both as a platform for vincristine and as a photothermal (PT) agent, and vincristine was used as a chemotherapeutic agent. Spontaneous mammary tumor masses of a dog were removed and primary tumor cells were obtained and propagated by tissue culture from tumor tissue samples under appropriate conditions. Then, these cells were incubated with Vin@nGO and exposed to NIR laser. NIR laser irradiation at 808 nm was converted to heat by nGO, then the target cancer cells were destroyed by both hyperthermia and chemotherapy. MTS analysis was performed to test the effectiveness of this dual therapy on cell proliferation and a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) decrease in cell proliferation/viability was found (90% reduction compared to the control group ( p < 0.0001)). Our study data also shed light on usability of Vin@nGO in the in vivo model for future work.