The Role of Different Components of Metabolic Syndrome in the Pathogenesis of Atrial Fibrillation

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) goes by various aliases such as dysmetabolic syndrome, syndrome X, and insulin resistance syndrome. Dysmetabolic syndromes indicate factors that pose risks for the onset of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, making it a rapidly escalating global health concern. Atrial Fibrillation (AF) disrupts the heart’s electrical system, manifesting as dysrhythmias and arrhythmias with irregular heartbeats. This condition significantly amplifies worldwide mortality and morbidity rates. The principal hazard associated with metabolic syndrome is cardiovascular disease. Notably, metabolic syndrome plays a pivotal role in the genesis of AF, as numerous studies have highlighted the fundamental connection between the two. This review underscores that the distinct components of metabolic syndrome – hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia – actively participate in the pathophysiology of AF development and progression through atrial remodeling, involving both structural and electrical modifications.