Evaluation of Current Documentation Methods: The Case of Kültepe Karum Merchant Quarter

The primary objective of archaeology extends beyond uncovering remnants of the past to ensuring that the collected data is accurately documented and preserved for future generations. Cultural heritage serves as a vital element that illuminates a society's past and future, making its preservation essential through both traditional and modern methodologies. While traditional documentation methods are often time-consuming and complex, technological advancements such as photogrammetry and LiDAR scanning have enabled the rapid, precise, and comprehensive recording of archaeological sites. These methods are particularly critical for capturing detailed records of structural elements that are either physically inaccessible or entirely lost. This study focuses on a merchant house located in the northeastern part of the Lower City Karum in Kültepe, one of the significant Bronze Age settlements in Anatolia. By integrating photogrammetry and LiDAR scanning methods, the research offers a comprehensive framework for digitally documenting and preserving these structures. The generated three-dimensional models and orthophotos contribute not only to scientific research but also provide a robust data foundation for restoration and conservation projects. These digital outputs enable detailed analyses of spatial organization within its historical context, offering insights into the socio-economic transformations reflected in the architectural features of merchant houses. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of modern digital methods in the sustainable preservation and documentation of cultural heritage. The case of Kültepe demonstrates the practical, cost-effective, and transformative impact of integrating technological methods into archaeology, emphasizing the interdisciplinary utility of such approaches in cultural heritage management. This research serves as a valuable reference for future applications aimed at ensuring the effective protection and transmission of cultural heritage.