In Defence of Fair Play: Boycott Campaigns and the 1936 Olympic Games

This article argues that both histories of the 1936 Olympics and the interwar period need to examine the international scope of the boycott discussions in the run-up to the Games. The American debate was an important part of a much broader international conversation that discussed how best to ensure fair play for all athletes and its failure laid the groundwork for a culture of appeasement. The question of participation at Berlin created a focal point where democratic societies were forced to acknowledge the dangers of the Nazi regime and their appropriate response years before German militarism and anti-Semitism reached their peak. By examining the boycott discussions in America, Great Britain, France, and Canada, it is possible to see not only why the first attempts to boycott an Olympic Games failed but also acknowledge the serious grassroots opposition in the democratic world that challenged the rise of Nazism.