Evolution of Primary and Secondary Education System in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Early 20th Century — 21st Century)

This study examines the historical development and establishment of the school education system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The relevance of this research is underscored by the shifting priorities of the Russian Federation in its foreign policy—actively seeking partners in the Middle East, where the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has traditionally played a significant role. It is noted that both nations are making efforts to align their educational systems, including the preparation of governmental resolutions for mutual recognition of educational credentials. The role of the Saudi leadership in promoting educational engagement among various segments of Saudi society is characterized, particularly initiatives aimed at ensuring equal access for women, low-income populations, and individuals with disabilities. The paper also addresses the influence of religious authorities on educational development and the dismantling of stereotypes, especially concerning female education, as well as the preservation of Saudi identity when children are educated abroad in Saudi schools. Through an analysis of the interaction between the educational systems of the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the author highlights the recent achievements of Saudi students on an international scale.