Deep learning in fluorescence imaging and analysis

Abstract Fluorescence imaging (FI) has been instrumental in advancing biological research and enhancing biomedical diagnostics. Despite its widespread applications, FI faces challenges such as efficiently acquiring high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) images, improving spatiotemporal resolution, and conducting precise quantitative analysis. Deep learning (DL), which emulates the neural network structure of the human brain, excels at learning from complex data patterns, extracting subtle features, and enhancing the SNR and spatiotemporal resolution of fluorescence images. These advancements significantly elevate the quality and usability of imaging data. Additionally, DL technology is adept at handling large datasets efficiently, which is crucial for improving the accuracy and efficiency of image analysis. This article reviews the latest advances in the application of DL to FI methodologies and their subsequent impact on biology and biomedicine. It also explores the future possibilities for DL in FI research, and providing insights and prospects could shape the field's trajectory.