Phonetic variation of initial stop consonants in Malaysian English

Abstract In multiracial and multilingual Malaysia, Malaysian English (MalE) is not a homogeneous variety. Thus, the present study examines the phonetic implementation of voicing contrast in MalE across three major ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese and Indian, and compares the results with their first languages (L1s) and British English due to the historical ties. Voice onset time (VOT) and closure duration are measured and analysed in within-group and between-group comparisons. Findings reveal evident L1 influence on the initial stop production of Malaysian bilingual speakers, and simultaneous influence of British English due to long-term language contact. The influence of Malay as the national language is also observed. While VOT appears to play a role in discriminating between voiced and voiceless initial stop consonants, closure duration does not reflect equivalent significant effects. Hence, the phonetic and phonological features of MalE in multilingual Malaysia offer insights into one of the Englishes spoken beyond the Inner Circle.