The Effect of Green Gedi Leaves Ethanol Extract (Abelmoschus Manihot) Towards TNF-Alpha Levels, Amount Foam Cells, Aorta Wall Thickness and Lee Index in Male Wistar Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet

CHD is a chronic disease of narrowing of the heart’s blood vessels due to atherosclerosis. The cause of atherosclerosis is by consuming a high-fat diet (HFD) for a long period of time will triggers inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. Green gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot) have the potential to inhibit this process because consist of rich antioxidants in the form of flavonoids, tannins, etc. This study aims to prove the effect of ethanol extract of green gedi leaves toward TNF-α levels, foam cells, aortic wall thickness and Lee index. This is an experimental study posttest control group design. 18 male Wistar white rats (Rattus novergicus) aged 2–3 months were induced by an initial adrenalin injection of 0.006 mg/ 200 gr of rat weight and HFD consisted of diet 594, pork fat and duck egg yolk. Samples were divided into 3 groups: the normal group (KN) with a standard diet, the negative control group (P0) WITH adrenaline injection and HFD, and the treatment group (P1) with adrenaline injection, HFD and ethanol extract of green gedi leaves 200 mg/kg body weight. After 21 days the body weight and naso-anal length of the rats were measured, blood sample was taken for TNF-α level results. And abdominal aorta tissue was fixed and stained using Hematoxylin Eosin to count the amount of foam cells and aortic thickness. From One Way Anova parametric test showed that the P1 group had a lower mean of TNF-α level 77.82 ± 0.96 pg/mL compared to the P0 group 264.26 ± 0.46 pg/mL and KN group 189.14 ± 0.96 with (p < 0.001). From the statistical results of the Mann-Whitney test, there are no significant differences for the amount of foam cells P1 groups mean 3.17 ± 2.13 /PVF (p = 0.557), groups KN 3.33 ± 3.26 /PVF and P0 group 3.5 ± 3.5 /LPF. P aortic wall thickness P1 group mean was 79.45 ± 7.61 μm lower than the P0 group 99.83 ± 14.04 (p = 0.04) and KN group 79.76 ± 6.71 μm. Index Lee KN group mean 0.27 ± 0.01 gr/mm and P1 group 0.29 ± 0.01 gr/mm and P1 group 0.28 ± 0.01 gr/mm. Extract ethanol green gedi leaves with dossage 200 mg/rat body wight can decreased TNF-α level, aorta thickness and index Lee towards rats induced by high fat diet.