GC-MS analysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties of the aerial parts of three Mesembryanthemum spp.

Investigation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and in silico studies of identified major compounds on VEGFR. Results: Thirty-three compounds were identified, octadecanoic acid, 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl ester, and 1H-Indene, 1-hexadecyl-2, 3-dihydro are the common compounds in the three extracts with different percentages. <i>M. forsskaolii</i> is the most extract with diverse phytoconstituents showing significant anticancer properties against the CACO2 cells with IC₅₀ value equal to 31.78 µg/mL. Nevertheless, all extracts showed potent anti-inflammatory activity at high concentrations (500 µg/mL). <i>M. nodiflorum</i>, <i>M. forsskaolii</i>, and <i>M. cordifolium</i> had IC₅₀ on HepG2 cells equal to 73.64, 88.18, and 87.82 µg/mL. Molecular findings showed the three extracts had distinct effects on apoptosis modulation in HepG2 cells. Conclusion The findings suggest that the studied extracts had potential therapeutic properties as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, supported by an in-silico interaction study.