The development of a smart traffic light system using a solar-powered standalone photovoltaic system

The demand for electricity generation from standalone solar energy is increasing, particularly for the advancement of smart technology like intelligent traffic light systems. A self-contained solar photovoltaic (PV) system can produce, store, and distribute electricity to traffic lights independently of the power grid. In contrast, conventional traffic light systems are often inefficient. The operation of these systems is based on fixed timing intervals for each lane and relies on the grid for power, which can occasionally fail, resulting in traffic accidents. A solution to these problems has been devised in the form of an intelligent traffic signal system that operates using a self-contained solar PV system. The objective of this study is to analyse current traffic signal systems through a comprehensive review of relevant articles, journals, and past studies. The objectives are to design and develop an intelligent traffic light system that incorporates independent solar PV power and to assess the appropriateness of solar panels, charge controllers, batteries, and sensors used in the system. The intelligent traffic light system utilises infrared sensors to accurately detect the level of traffic congestion. The timing of the traffic light system is regulated by an Arduino Nano microcontroller, which adjusts the signals in response to the current vehicle density. LED traffic light modules are used to display the traffic light signals. This technology utilises solar energy to offer a dependable and sustainable solution, guaranteeing uninterrupted operation even in the event of grid power outages. Integrating independent solar PV electricity into the smart traffic light system enhances traffic management and greatly mitigates the danger of road accidents resulting from traffic signal malfunctions. This novel approach showcases the capacity of solar energy to improve public safety and promote the progress of smart city initiatives.