ПРОБЛЕМА ОТЧУЖДЕНИЯ В РУССКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ, ОТРАЖЕННАЯ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ПУШКИНА, ГОГОЛЯ И ДОСТОЕВСКОГО

Realism of the 19th century found acceptance in Russia much earlier than in Western Europe. Russian realist writers became leading figures in world literature. They introduced new, hitherto unknown principles in the construction of the social-psychological novel, as well as philosophical and moral issues, which fit into the narrative story-line in a peculiar way. The characters of Pushkin, Gogol and Dostoevsky, in their own way, refract in their minds those real processes and principles of existence in the emerging industrial world that led to the unnatural differentiation and alliteration of the individual. The genius of the novels of these Russian classics lies in the fact that, in parallel with the prominence of the casuistic, the refutation of the soulful and the pseudo-theoretical presence of the characters by the moral force and omnivalence of universal human moral principles grows and finally triumphs. This refutation is neither logical nor theoretical; it is the refutation of life.