Addressing the issues of sanitation in rural area of Tripura through Swaachha Bharat Mission-A study in Bamutia Block of West Tripura District of Tripura

This study evaluates the impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) on sanitation in Bamautia Block of West Tripura, focusing on challenges and barriers to effective implementation. Launched in 2014, SBM aimed to eliminate open defecation and improve cleanliness nationwide, but rural areas, particularly in the North-East, face persistent sanitation issues. This research assesses the availability of sanitation facilities, the adoption of SBM practices, and the challenges faced by rural households in four selected Panchayats. Findings reveal that while 75% of households have access to toilets constructed under SBM, many still practice open defecation, primarily due to poor maintenance, water scarcity, and lack of hygiene awareness. Despite high awareness of SBM, only 40% of respondents understood key hygiene practices such as hand washing. Barriers to full adoption include financial constraints and insufficient training on toilet upkeep. The study suggests enhancing awareness campaigns, providing financial support for maintenance, empowering local Panchayats, and integrating water supply with SBM efforts. These measures are crucial for overcoming the existing challenges and ensuring the long-term success of SBM, ultimately leading to improved sanitation and health outcomes in rural Tripura.