Hybrid Composites: Graphene Oxide and Woven Natural Silk Reinforcement for Epoxy Matrix

The integration of graphene oxide (GO) and woven natural silk as hybrid reinforcements in epoxy composites offers a novel approach to high-performance, sustainable materials for structural applications. Combining GO (0.3–1.5 wt.%) and natural silk (40–60% by volume) is hypothesized to significantly enhance tensile strength, flexural modulus, and impact resistance. Fabrication using Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and optimized GO dispersion through ultrasonication addresses challenges like GO agglomeration and fiber-matrix adhesion. Although experimental validation is pending, Theoretical predictions supported by finite element modelling (FEM) suggest significant improvements in tensile strength, flexural modulus, and impact resistance compared to neat epoxy. These composites hold promises for structural applications in aerospace, renewable energy, and automotive industries, meeting the demand for lightweight and sustainable engineering solutions.