Empirical Investigation of Array Beamforming Effects on Received Power and Delay Spread Characteristics Based on 159-GHz Measurements

Array beamforming is vital for high-frequency communications, yet its impact on propagation channels remains unclear. This letter investigates the effects of uniform linear array beamforming on received power and delay spread by applying array beam patterns to actual outdoor and indoor measurement data at 159 GHz. We examine both single- and multi-directional beamforming. Our results show that the received power is affected by both the number of array elements and the environment types. Moreover, the delay spread is significantly reduced compared to the omnidirectional case and decreases further as the number of elements increases, up to eight, in our measurements.