The concept of acute kidney disease and its place in the renal continuum

The paper discusses the concept of acute kidney disease, a relatively new concept in clinical medicine, the introduction of which is due to the presence of kidney diseases that do not meet strict criteria for acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease. The article presents the criteria and severity stratification of acute kidney disease proposed by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Foundation, interpretation of the criteria and severity stratification by the Scientific Society of Nephrologists of Russia, associations of nephrologists and anesthesiologists-resuscitators of Russia, the National Society of Specialists in Hemapheresis and Extracorporeal Hemocorrection in accordance with the classification system of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative group. The role of acute kidney disease in the modern renal continuum is outlined. The article reviews the results of studies of acute kidney disease in patients with septic shock, patients who underwent total joint replacement, myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation and having acute kidney injury, patients with ischemic stroke, after coronary angiography, after acute surgery for type A aortic dissection, which demonstrate the prevalence of acute kidney disease and its outcomes. Despite the fact that acute kidney disease has a high prevalence among patients with various pathologies, worsens the prognosis and increases the risk of death or complications, its significance in modern medicine remains extremely underestimated. The article identifies the most common and studied biochemical markers that can potentially increase the proportion of patients at risk of adverse outcomes when used in clinical practice.