Vehicle-to-Home and Vehicle-to-Building: A Techno-Economic Analysis Under Varying Charging Methods and Tariff

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be used as energy storage as well as flexible loads in modern power systems. The use of bidirectional EV chargers enables energy arbitrage in smart houses and buildings by facilitating vehicle-to-home (V2H) and vehicle-to-building (V2B). This article presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of V2H and V2B systems, with a focus on the impact of various tariff structures on their feasibility and economic viability. The study considers real-life residential and workplace load profiles, as well as the variability in solar photovoltaic (PV) generation, to design cost-effective V2H and V2B charging schedules. The synergies and trade-offs between different tariff structures for V2H and V2B technology are analyzed, identifying key factors that influence system profitability and scalability across various market contexts. The economic viability of transitioning between different types of charging is assessed for both household and building applications. The results suggest that the proposed approach helps in developing an adequate cost-effective framework that helps in realizing techno-economic benefits of V2H and V2B systems.