Permissioned Blockchain-Based Trusted and Robust Consensus Optimization Orienting Intelligent Transportation Systems

Efficient and secure data sharing in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is critical for the advancement of intelligent transportation, particularly in the context of emerging 5G/6G networks and driverless technology. This has prompted researchers to explore Blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles (BIoV) solutions to address common issues in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, at the edge layer, existing reputation and consensus mechanisms in the BIoV model face challenges such as significant energy consumption, limited scalability, and pronounced centralization. To tackle these issues, we introduce <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TRCO</monospace>, a Permissioned Blockchain-based <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</u>rusted and <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</u>obust <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</u>onsensus <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</u>ptimization orienting ITS. <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TRCO</monospace> is a three-layer BIoV architecture applicable to any BIoV scenario, offering robust scalability with the addition of new sub-regions. To improve the quality of data sharing for edge layer, we propose a decentralized reputation evaluation mechanism and integrate PoS and PBFT consensus algorithms to enhance performance by evaluating the communication behavior of edge servers. Security analysis and simulation experiments demonstrate that <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TRCO</monospace> achieves high scalability and reliability, effectively filters Byzantine edge servers, and enhances the decentralization and consensus efficiency of the system.