Influence of Analogue and Digital Activities on the Mental Function of Attention: Analysis by Electroencephalogram

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the use of Electroencephalography (EEG) as a wearable device for collecting brain waves, to evaluate the influence of analog and digital activities on the mental function of attention. It is necessary to map brain activities, so that the interdependence between learning, technology and mental organization of individuals can be understood. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. Aspects related to attention, electroencephalography and virtual learning environments stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises experimental field research with a group of three elderly volunteer participants, carried out to acquire brain signals during the execution of an experiment protocol. This protocol consisted of a relaxation activity with eyes closed, reading a text, a new moment of relaxation and answering a questionnaire with questions related to the content of the text. The protocol was carried out in two stages by everyone: i) digital format, using a computer and ii) analog format, using paper and pen. Results and Discussion: The signals collected during the execution of the activities were processed, converting the signals into individual spectral components using the Fast Fourier Transform to obtain information about the predominance of frequencies in each activity. Frequency predominance data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical test followed by the Durbin-Conover post-test. As a result, differences were identified in the percentages of predominance of Delta, Beta 1, Beta 2 and Beta 3 frequencies in relation to the activities of Reading on Screen versus Reading on Paper and Questionnaire Response on Screen versus Response on Paper, suggesting a focus on how attention is present in brain rhythms when carrying out digital and analog activities. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence the relevance of the applicability of neurosciences in the field of education. These implications can contribute to the personalization of these spaces by considering the cognitive dimensions of individuals. Originality/Value: This study contributes to a better understanding of individuals' cognitive functions, focusing on attention, which occurs through the functioning of human skills/capabilities so that individuals can perform certain tasks and achieve a goal.