Institutional and policy changes for a union of up to 36 members

Abstract This paper argues that the current accession process is not conducive to conditionality's effectiveness nor to EU public opinion acceptance. It pleads instead for a gradual process as the most effective means to ensure successful conditionality. As to the fundamentals, the paper suggests a reinforcement of conditionality, notably through increased budgetary support. Thirdly, it puts forward proposals to strengthen conflict resolution conditionality. Lastly, several suggestions are made for changes to the accession process along principles discussed in the report of the Group of Twelve on EU institutional reform (hereafter the Report). These issues are discussed around the nine principles established by the Report that should guide future enlargement strategies and their connection to EU reform.