Effects of in vitro addition of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on contamination and growth parameters of three olive genotypes

Field of nanotechnology is an innovative science, which can develop a numerous of agriculture fields, as plant growth enhancing and crop incomes, nanoparticles (NPs) can be applied to plant tissue culture but with definite protocol of NPs concentration to encourage explants germination and decrease contamination. The present study aims to investigate the effects of two nanoparticles, zinc oxide and silver, on micropropagation of three olive genotypes, Koroneiki, Dolcie, and Kalamata. Additionally, a strategy to reduce contamination and promote the sprouting of olive explants in tissue culture lab is being determined. Three nanoparticle concentrations 312.5, 156.25, and 78.125 mg/l were employed; based on the antimicrobial experiment's minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Olive media (OM) was used as starting medium, and standard Morishige and Skoog (MS) medium was utilized as the multiplication medium. Occasionally, OM was modified media by adding 4 mg/l of zeatin instead of 2 mg/l to encourage the germination of dolcie and kalamata genotypes explant buds. After assessing all of the outcomes, study focused upon analyzing the first set of data, results revealed that, in general, the Koroneiki genotype was the most successful at sprouting through tissue culture methods; however, dolcie and kalamata proved to be quite challenging to micropropagate. Koroneiki olive was chosen for the rest of the study and dilute the NPs concentration to new ones 160, 80 and 40 mg/L. At the end of the study data revealed that contamination percent decreased as NPs concentration increase, while other growth parameters (bud germination), shoot length mean, number of leaves/ shoot and number of shoots/explant) were improved with using NPs. Additionally, zinc oxide NPs outperformed silver nanoparticles in terms of effectiveness, and when utilizing the Koroneiki cultivar as explants, the concentration of 40 mg/l was the most significant in growth parameters outcomes. Using NPs in olive micropropagation depends on genotype and dose, whereas, koroneiki cultivar is more reliable to micropropagate protocols than dolcie and kalamata cultivars. The usage of NPs in the micropropagation culture of plants enables the possibility to learn about many features of plant growth and development in controlled environmental conditions.