Anticancer Activity and Antibacterial Properties of Cobalt Doped Calcium Phosphate Biomaterial

CCobalt silicate (Co₂SiO₄) ceramics were successfully synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. A new composite material, incorporating cobalt silicate in varying proportions; 5, 10, and 20 wt.%, into calcium pyrophosphate designated as 5CPP, 10CPP, and 20CPP, respectively were studied. The addition of cobalt silicate notably influenced the phase composition, in-vitro bioactivity, antibacterial properties, and anticancer activity of the composites. All composites demonstrated a macroporous structure, with diverse grain morphologies embedded within a glassy phase. All composites were bioactive according to the obtained results of the in-vitro bioactivity tests, following 6 weeks of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). Bioactivity was more pronounced with the content of cobalt silicate. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of a layer of nano-grains of calcium phosphate on the composite surfaces. The composites exhibited a significant antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, above all the 20CPP, which showed the highest antibacterial efficacy. Based on the results of bioactivity, antibacterial effectiveness, and impact on osteosarcoma cells, the studied composites are promising candidates for bone grafting and anti-cancer implant applications.