Association of Toll-Like receptor 1 in type1 diabetic children: In relation to glycemic control

Background: Diabetic children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are susceptible to infections and complications due to potential immune dysfunction. Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a mediator of the innate immune response and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which play crucial roles in immunity and growth, respectively. Impaired glycemic control is associated with elevated TLR1 and Reduced IGF-1 in children with type 1 diabetesMethods: A cross-sectional study involving 140 children, aged 6-18 years, was conducted, including three groups: (group 1) healthy controls (HbA1c < 6%). We categorized diabetic patients into: (group 2) good HbA1c level < 8%, and (group 3) poor glycemic diabetic patients HbA1c level > 9%. Clinical data, anthropometry, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin growth factor-1, and serum TLR1 levels were assessed.Results: Children with poor glycemic control with HbA1c > 9% had statistically significant higher TLR-1 levels, BMI Z scores, waist/hip, waist/height, and skin fold thicknesses compared to those with HbA1c <8% (P < 0.05). However, IGF-1 showed a lower level in diabetic patients compared to the control group.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that poor glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and increased adiposity is correlated with increased levels of TLR1 and IGF-1, potentially contributing to a heightened inflammatory state and increased risk of complications.