S-limonene loaded gum Arabic nanoparticles ameliorates wound healing and inhibits herpes simplex virus.

Essential oils are composed of mixture of compounds that display wide industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetics applications singularly or in combination, including food preservation, diseases treatment and antimicrobial agents. In this study, S-limonene was subjected to nanofabrication using Gum Arabic and tested for their potential wound healing against Bj-1 fibroblast normal cell line. The physical properties of the new formula exhibited nano-characteristics based on morphological properties using TEM imaging, size using zeta sizer and linkage between gum Arabic polymer and s-limonene using FTIR analysis. The results of wound healing activity were measured via cell migration assay of scratched monolayer Bj-1 cell. In this context, both the S-limonene and S-limonene-GA-NPs exhibited potential wound repair compared to Gum Arabic GA-NPs control. In addition, the immunoblotting of collagen type III and Matrix Metalloproteinase MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed an accumulation of Collagen III protein level. Moreover, a slight increase in the MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels. These results indicated that S-Limonene-GA-NPs illustrate healing properties against Bj-1 fibroblast cell wound closure after 24 h followed by s-limonene, while no significant effect of Gum Arabic-NPs were detected compared to control. In conclusion, the preparation of s-limonene nanoparticles by covering them with gum Arabic showed biological activity as an anti-viral agent and wound healing potential. As well as S-limonene-and its nanoform was tested for the anti-herbal virus HSV-1 and HSV-2 as well as wound healing properties of nano-formulated S-limonene loaded with gum Arabic. S-Limonene-NPs exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2 with 73.3 and 56.6 %, respectively followed by native s-limonene with 46.6 and 40%, respectively. However, slightly antiviral properties were observed due to gum Arabic-NPs treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2 with 6.6 and 3.3%, respectively.