Cesarean Delivery,Review Article

The rates of cesarean section (CS) in Egypt have increased from 10.3 percent in 2000 to 19.9 percent in 2005, 27.6 percent in 2008, and 51.8 percent in 2014. Rates reached as high as 63% by the year 2015.A cesarean section entails the delivery of a fetus via an abdominal incision (laparotomy) and a uterine incision (hysterotomy). The classification of cesarean sections pertains to the urgency required to preserve the mother's or fetus's life, with the mother's life always prioritized over that of the fetus, unless in circumstances where the surgical intervention cannot alter the mother's prognosis. Cesarean section is the most prevalent surgical intervention. Numerous factors exist that may preclude or contraindicate vaginal delivery of a pregnancy. A cesarean section is a viable option if the pregnant patient is deceased or in critical condition, or if the fetus is deceased or in critical condition. Undergoing a cesarean section subjects the pregnant patient to the inherent hazards of the procedure without providing any advantages for the fetus. The same principles are applicable in cases where the fetus presents with serious abnormalities that are incompatible with life. Various strategies are delineated, including the classic Pfannenstiel-Kerr methodology, the Joel-Cohen method, and the Misgav Ladach technique. Hemorrhage is the most common complication associated with cesarean sections, occurring either during or after the procedure, along with urological injuries, intestinal lesions, and anesthesia issues. Early postoperative complications include hemorrhage, infection, and thromboembolism, as well as late postoperative issues.