Prediabetes and Diabetes in Overweight and Obese Egyptian Men

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health issue that is characterized by impaired carbohydrate metabolism, lipid, and protein because of insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, or both. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of pre-diabetes and type 2 DM in overweight and obese adult males as well as the relation of blood sugar parameters to the obesity indices among them. Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 211 apparently healthy adult males attending the primary care clinic of Beverages and Snacks plants in Egypt aged from 30-60 years with no history of diabetes for the last 6 months ending in September 2023. Patients were categorized into three groups regarding body mass index (BMI): Group A (Normal weight (BMI < 25 Kg/m2) 35 cases). Group B (Overweight (BMI between 25-29.9 kg/m2) 95 cases), Group C (Obese (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2) 81 cases). Results: it was found that six (17%) males from group A were pre-diabetic, while 29 (30.5%) and 36(44%) from groups B and C were pre-diabetic, respectively. No diabetics were detected in group A while 4 (4.2%) and 5 (6.17%) from groups B and C were diabetic respectively. It was revealed that waist circumference has the highest validity with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.869, indicating a strong ability to differentiate between normal and high BMI, with a cut-off value of >90 cm, 82.95% sensitivity, and 79.41% specificity (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The significant risk factors for pre-diabetes and DM that are prevalent in the population, particularly among males, have been identified in our study. BMI and waist circumference, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA IR), fasting insulin, and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) are statistically significant predictors of pre-diabetes and diabetes.