Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies across ABO blood groups and Rh Factor

Background: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has impacted global health, affecting the respiratory system and other organs. Understanding immune responses, especially IgG antibodies, is key to controlling the pandemic. Blood group susceptibility, including ABO and Rh factors, serves as an important epidemiological indicator. This study aimed to evaluate IgG antibody levels in COVID-19 patients across ABO blood groups and Rh factor. Methods This study was performed on 237 recovered COVID-19 patients. None of these patients had been vaccinated. The level of IgG antibody titer for SARS-CoV- 2 was measured, and association between IgG antibodies with RH and blood group types was examined. Results: This study showed a significant correlation between IgG levels of individuals and their age. Also, IgG antibody titer was higher in men than women. In addition, patients with an age range of 20 to 60 years compared to individuals under 20 years and over 60 years had higher IgG. There was no significant relationship between blood groups and Rh with the amount of IgG antibody titers. Conclusions: Our finding showed that there was no significant relationship was found between blood group type and RH with the IgG antibodies titer for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. To understand the prevalence of the disease in the community and its epidemiological control, IgG antibody titer test is recommended to determine the serological level of the community.