Pediatric urinary tract infections: The latest trends and treatment breakthroughs from Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital

Background: Urinary tract infections are very common in pediatrics. The aim of our study was to investigate the epidemiology of urinary tract infections in pediatric settings and to evaluate the compliance of management with recommendations. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital between January 1st and December 31st, 2023. Results: Our study included 128 children, mainly aged under 6 months (39%). The most common chief complaint was fever (66.4%). The main risk factors identified were a history of urinary tract infections, malformative uropathies, and age under three months. Enterobacteria were isolated in 94.2% of cases, especially Escherichia coli. The resistance rates of this bacteria to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ertapenem, and amikacin were 37.3%, 56.5%, 21.4%, 3%, and 4.8%, respectively. Empirical antibiotic therapy was in compliance with recommendations in 76.6% of cases. Conclusion: Following therapeutic recommendations is essential to reduce excessive antibiotic prescribing and the rise of bacterial resistance.